'Extreme botany' - Paramotors help conservationalists to protect ecosystems in Peru

Ever stopped and looked at your karabiners in flight? Bastienne Wentzel investigates our most critical links.
They weigh less than 100 grams – the two karabiners that connect us, via our harness, to the glider. But each one of them is essential: failure of a karabiner in the air inevitably results in a reserve ride. Isn’t it strange that it’s the only part of our equipment that doesn’t have to meet a standard? They deserve a bit more TLC than we usually give them.

FLOW consortium to acquire a complete understanding of the cell's quality control network.

In the 2024 round of NWO Gravitation grants, the new consortium FLOW was awarded 23 million euros. Running from 2024 to 2034, FLOW will investigate the cellular factors that determine the fate of proteins throughout their life and learn how to influence that fate.

A chemically modified version of the antibiotic vancomycin is much more effective against MRSA and other Gram-positive bacteria than the original. Leiden university professor Nathaniel Martin and his group developed this guanidine modified lipoglycopeptide. They recently published their findings in the journal Science Translational Medicine.

A promising target for cancer therapeutics is the protease family of cathepsins. Researchers from the Swiss EPFL institute in collaboration with Dutch researchers from Radboudumc in Nijmegen succeeded in developing a highly specific, targeted way of inhibiting cathepsin activity. The results were published in May 2024 in the journal Nature Chemical Biology.

Postdoctoral project: Innate immune activation and sterile inflammation in microglia in human brain

Timo Oosenbrug is fascinated by immune receptors. "It is the first line of defense against viruses," he explains. "But what makes it even more interesting is what happens when these receptors keep firing all the time, causing sterile inflammation. The translation to this clinical condition is exciting."

“Dive, swoop, climb, soar…” Launched in a blaze of high-octane glory in 2022 parakites have now definitely come of age – attracting new pilots from disciplines like skydiving and kiting as well as paraglider pilots who want to go high-wind soaring at the coast. Bastienne Wentzel dials in...

"Welcome to the Harness Files – where science writer Bastienne Wentzel explores what we need to know about paragliding back protection and why. If you’re thinking of changing, going lightweight, or upgrading your harness, then this is eye-opening stuff. Essential reading."

Sky Paragliders recently brought in new blood from young company Drift, attracted by their two-line EN-C Merlin. Erwin Voogt and Bastienne Wentzel find out more

It reads like a storybook. In 2021, fundamental research conducted at AMOLF formed the basis for the startup company Lumetallix. The company developed an easy to use
and affordable method for the detection of lead. Two years later, Lumetallix has sold thousands of test kits and now has collaborations with scientists, NGO's and even forensic experts.

Ron Heeren established fundamental research in the field of mass spectrometry and imaging of molecules at AMOLF. When fundamental physics gradually changed to applied medical and biological research, he moved his group to Maastricht University. His M4i institute's research, which enables the visualisation of molecules on and in cells to help clinicians improve their therapies, is renowned worldwide.

Remarkably, we don't know everything about the common cold virus HKU1, part of the coronavirus family. ICI researcher Joost Snijder (Utrecht University) and his team recently not only proved where and how HKU1 binds to the host cell, but also showed how this binding triggers a remarkable conformational change of the spike protein that is fundamental to how this virus enters the cell.

Early 2024, a remarkable publication appeared in Science in which Florian Winau at Harvard and his team describe how they discovered the function of a specific glycolipid called Gb3 found on B cells. From their results, they conclude that Gb3 has the potential to act as an adjuvant to improve vaccines against viral infections such as influenza.

PhD project: Targeting metabolism of the enteric glial cell in Parkinson’s disease

The enteric nervous system possibly plays a key role in Parkinson’s disease, making it a target for possible treatment. Anastasia Markidi at Utrecht University set studies the effects of bacterial metabolites on enteric glial cells.

PhD project: The role and effect of pathogenic amyloid proteins on neutrophil extracellular trap formation in the central nervous system

Enebie Ramos Cáceres is a jack of all trades: his PhD project comprises chemistry and immunology and he is doing all that on his own. He not only develops chemical probes to study key enzymes related to NETosis, relevant to Alzheimer's disease, but he also collects, prepares and studies human blood samples to test his probes.

Omics data sets are an increasingly important part of the research of wet-lab cell biologists and immunologists. But they are usually not equipped with enough bioinformatics or coding skills to be able to analyse these data sets. A first for PhD students in the ICI program, this spring they had the opportunity to participate in the online training "Omic data analysis and visualisation using R" which focuses precisely on these skills.

Where there is not even a hillock in sight a winch is the only way for paragliders to get airborne. All that is needed is a long open space roughly in the direction of the current wind. "Towing opens up a completely new range of flying areas," says Michael Gebert, a guide with the Swiss company Fly with Andy organising trips to fly from tow in Uruguay, Argentina, Brasil and the Balkans. "And it's a supersafe kind of flying," he adds.

"I'm Fatemeh Eftekhari, one of the most well-known pilots in Iran. I'm one of the owners of Xagros Clouds air sports club in Iran. I am an active XC and competition pilot. My best flight so far was 241 km on a Skywalk Chili 5 in 2022. But my goal is to bring more ladies to the women's sport community."

As free flyers, we are exempt from quite a number of rules and regulations that apply to larger and motorised aircraft. A lot of our sport is self-regulated which makes it such a beautiful and free sport.
An example of this self-regulation we find in the certification process of paragliders and their maintenance. When you think all the norms, checks, inspections and repairs must comply with laws, rules and regulations, you could be disappointed. But the lack of a legal framework doesn't mean these things aren't important. It just means we can't hide behind a law but have to take responsibility ourselves.
(Foto: Nova)

Targeted anti-cancer therapies are the future of cancer treatment. Immunotherapy is booming, and antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are a fast growing class of therapeutics. These consist of a cytotoxic drug connected to an antibody that targets a tumor marker. Although much research is aimed at elements of ADCs such as the drug payload or constructing nanobodies, the international research program TACT is bringing all aspects of this research together, from fundamental chemistry to the initial stages of biological assessment. ICI-partner WUR is involved.
The EU-project TACT combines state-of-the-art research in antibody-drug conjugates with extensive training of new researchers. (Image: TACT)

Herpes viruses can invade the nervous system and stay there unnoticed for a long time, before causing disease. But not much is known about the interactions between the virus and the nerve cells. Sabrina Krepel finds out using advanced techniques such as mass spectrometry and electron microscopy.

Microglia play a crucial role in neuronal diseases such as MS or Alzheimer's. But there is a large gap in knowledge about the processes involving microglia and the development of these and other neurological disorders. Without understanding of the fundamentals, there is no chance of a cure. PhD student Viktor al-Naqib at NIN studies these fundamentals in cooperation with chemical immunologists in Leiden.

This year's acro competition scene was more exciting than ever. There was a change of competition rules for the better, a neck-and-neck battle between the two top pilots of the year: veteran Théo de Blic and upcoming star Luke de Weert and there was a good effort to make it all more accessible to the public. Here's an overview of the year through Luke's eyes.
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This article was published in Cross Country magazine #246, December 2023.

Being a lightweight pilot in paragliding is a disadvantage. It's no myth that the smallest paragliders fly worse than larger ones. Some competitions such as the BGD Weightless even have a separate ranking for light pilots for this reason.
But recreational pilots struggle as well. Reader Angela Bonato ("considered lightweight by most wing manufacturers") emailed us: "I unfortunately only fly with much heavier guys and at almost every flight I have the feeling we flew in a very different air from what they say to me."
Lightweight competition- and ex-test pilot Joanna diGrigoli can fully relate. Among other wings, she flies an XS EN-B glider below mid-weight range. "I feel light against the wind. It has no bite." On a lightly loaded glider it can be harder to enter thermals, Joanna says. "But the main problem is into wind."

This article was published in Cross Country magazine #246, December 2023.

Flying the Airdesign Vivo 2 and its superlight sibling the LiVi at the same time is a great opportunity to make a direct comparison between a regular wing and the exact same one in a lightweight version. Both pitched as easy B gliders, the airfoil design is identical. The differences are mainly in lighter fabric, unsheathed lines and nitinol instead of plastic rods in the nose. What does that mean for the pilot?

"I am Lorenzo, aka Energy Papi, entertainer, content creator and MC for paragliding events. I live in Eindhoven in The Netherlands. This year I traveled through the Alps with my small campervan, flying as much as I can. As a kid we went to the Austrian mountains for holidays. That's where my love for mountains was born."

This interview was published in Cross Country Magazine #245, November 2023.

Hike&fly is hot and with it comes our urge to slim down our equipment. A lighter wing, harness and reserve and yes, also a lighter helmet. Recently we have seen the number of pilots choosing a climbing helmet for hike&fly rise significantly, in competitions and recreational flights alike.

This article was published in Cross Country Magazine #245, November 2023.

The ‘X’ in Step X stands for ‘cross’ which means at the crossroads between performance and light weight. With a weight of 4kg for the S, it is similar to other semi-lightweight wings such as the Advance Iota DLS. It replaces Supair’s Step 2 and Step Light. Supair’s designer Pierre-Yves Alloix says: “You do not need to choose between light and classic, this new Step is ‘all in one’: almost as light as the Step Light with similar durability of the Step.”

Chrigel, congratulations! You said you didn't quite have the feeling before the race. What did you mean by this?
"Before the race, many things are unclear. This gives me the feeling of not being comfortable. It is always the same. The last experience is so far away, this feeling of insecurity starts to appear and I have to start to get into the next adventure to become comfortable and to focus on the race. And when it feels really good you can start pushing."
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Bastienne Wentzel talked to Chrigel and some of the others who made it in, including Damien Lacaze, Maxime Pinot and the first woman to finish the race, Eli Egger. The final 10-page feature makes for essential reading for X-Alps race-watchers.
Cross Country Magazine #242, August 2023.

UbiQ was founded in 2010 as a spin-off of the Ovaa-lab at the Netherlands Cancer Institute. The small company develops reagents for ubiquitin research and is involved occasionally in drug discovery projects, says co-founder Farid El Oualid. "Our mission is ultimately to help patients. With UbiQ, we aim to explore all possible drug targets using our technology, and to facilitate others to do their research by providing reagents."

Thermal peptide exchange technology. The term sounds like a simple lab protocol. But at a closer look it's a perfect example of multidisciplinary, multi-group research where a fundamental background, a good idea and an interest in technology lead to new insights and relevant medical applications. What started as an idea from the labs of Sjaak Neefjes and Huib Ovaa has now grown into a user-friendly method for screening immune cell responses to any antigen, developed in a collaboration between multiple research groups. (Image: Jolien Luimstra)

It's an unconventional ICI-project in many ways. LUMC researcher Aysegul Sapmaz wrote the proposal to study ubiquitylation of Rab-proteins back in 2019 together with Huib Ovaa and Sjaak Neefjes. She then moved on to do the research herself in close collaboration with PhD student, Esther ter Linden from the Neefjes group.

The “easy B” class is crowded nowadays. New pilots and those who wish to fly for fun and keep things super simple often look for easy intermediates. Launched at the start of this year the Gin Evora is the latest member of this class. It is designed to be “undemanding for relatively inexperienced pilots, yet at the same time offer more than enough performance for the category” say Gin. To see what it has to offer I flew the Evora for a week in the fresh spring thermals at hotspot Bassano del Grappa in northern Italy.

An imbalance between two types of T cells causes problems in autoimmune diseases and cancer. A selective intervention in the activity of these cells could be a therapeutic strategy, but the question is: how? Researchers in Utrecht and Leiden are finding unique metabolic features that discriminate between the two types.

The Nyos 2 RS is an update of Swing's high-end EN-B. With four EN-B's, Swing is a steady contributor to the populair EN-B class. Erwin Voogt investigates how the Nyos 2 RS stands out from the crowd.

Designing a paraglider without a computer is unthinkable nowadays. But for most of us the design software is mainly appreciated for the colorful images it creates. However, new developments in software mean our gliders get much better, much faster. Let's take a closer look.

A superfamily of four-transmembrane proteins called tetraspanins are organizers of the membranes of immune cells. Although ubiquitous, understanding the precise role of some of these tetraspanins in the complement system is the challenge in this combined project in Utrecht and Leiden.

Is minimum sink on a paraglider with brakes at 30% or hands-up? Advances in paraglider design mean things have changed - and that means updating teaching and flying techniques.

Just announced as the new race director of the Red Bull X-Alps we talk to Ferdinand Vogel. “I’m going to watch and learn in 2023,” he says.

Bastienne Wentzel joined a beginner's XC course organised by Parafly and guided by Ferdinand Vogel. Here is what we learnt.

Bastienne Wentzel took Skywalk’s new reversible harness for a spin during a week of XC flying in Bassano.

Is it a speed glider, paraglider or kite? It’s a Moustache! Seb Ospina and Luke Nicol flew one of the first production wings. Bastienne Wentzel finds out more. (Photo: Miriam Joanna)

Specialists in single cell dynamics of research institute AMOLF together with CRISPR-Cas researchers of TU Delft were able to measure for the first time how quickly a single cell can build new memory and remove invading DNA using the CRISPR Cas system. Remarkably, they noted a large variability between individual cells in different populations. The results were published on April 25, 2022 in the open access scientific journal Molecular Systems Biology.

"I am a former competition pilot from Feltre, Italy. I started flying in 1987 in Feltre on a Brindazur 24K. The K is for kevlar, it was one of the first paragliders with lines of kevlar. I was lucky because it was one of the best gliders at that time. To launch it you had to pull hard with your hands over your head and you had to yell 'Banzai!'"

“I pull to the right and instantly know I shouldn’t have. Too late. The lines go slack.” Bastienne Wentzel joins an all-women SIV / Acro course with Rise Paragliding in Oludeniz, Turkey.

An acro wing suitable to learn your first tricks and have fun, says Erwin Voogt.

"I am the first woman from Qatar to register and own a microlight aircraft. I am a sports coach from Doha, Qatar. Flying is my passion. I fly a weightshift microlight aircraft, a paramotor and a paraglider. I am learning to fly a fixed wing ultralight aircraft and I plan to obtain my gyrocopter licence."

Following a single protein inside the cavity of a GroEL chaperone for the first time, researchers at AMOLF led by professor Sander Tans discovered how protein folding can be accelerated. Amino acid chains are pulled inside the open cavity of the chaperone, where they collapse on top of themselves and fold. The findings have implications for our understanding of cellular protein control and folding diseases. The research was published in Science Advances on March 4th.

Women's World Champion Yael Margelisch on chasing records, doing the X-Alps and winning the Worlds,

"I am a retired Airforce fighter pilot from Cologne. You sign up with the Airforce for twenty years and when you turn 41 you stop flying. I did a tour in Afghanistan which was really hard. Four of my friends didn't make it. So it was time to leave."